The Microbiome & Fertility | with Angela Hywood

The link between the microbiome and fertility is transforming how we think about reproductive health.

Research shows that the bacteria in your gut, fallopian tubes, and vagina can impact your hormonal balance and ability to ovulate, which are key factors in getting pregnant. Surprisingly, this connection is important not just for women, but also for men’s reproductive health, highlighting the need for a healthy microbiome when trying to conceive.

A healthy vaginal microbiome is typically dominated by Lactobacillus bacteria, which maintain an acidic environment that inhibits harmful pathogens. This balance is essential for reproductive health, as disruptions can lead to conditions like bacterial vaginosis (BV), which has been linked to fertility issues.

Pathogens & Fertility

Pathogens such as Chlamydia trachomatis, Gardnerella vaginalis, Ureaplasma, and Mycoplasma can significantly impair fertility by causing inflammation or altering the vaginal flora. These infections can hinder sperm motility or lead to complications like pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), which can damage reproductive tissues.

• Chlamydia trachomatis can cause inflammation in the genital tract, leading to scarring and blockages in the fallopian tubes, which may prevent fertilisation or successful implantation.
• Gardnerella vaginalis, associated with bacterial vaginosis (BV), alters the vaginal flora, potentially affecting sperm motility and survival, making conception more difficult.
• Ureaplasma and Mycoplasma, though lesser known, are critical pathogens linked to reproductive health. These bacteria can cause chronic inflammation in the reproductive organs, increasing the risk of PID. Both pathogens have been linked to adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as preterm labour and miscarriage, emphasising the importance of early detection and treatment during fertility planning.

Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ARTs)

Research shows that a balanced microbiome improves the success rates of assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) like in vitro fertilisation (IVF). Women with a diverse and healthy vaginal microbiome tend to experience better outcomes in fertility treatments.

The Gut Microbiome’s Influence on Hormones & Fertility

The gut microbiome is essential for regulating hormones such as oestrogen and progesterone, which are critical for reproductive health. Hormonal imbalances can lead to fertility issues such as anovulation. Poor gut health is also linked to conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a common cause of infertility.

The Immune System’s Role in Fertility

The microbiome helps regulate immune function, maintaining a suitable uterine environment for embryo implantation. Women with compromised immune systems may face challenges related to infections or autoimmune conditions that can affect fertility.

Addressing Microbiome Disorders for Better Fertility Outcomes

Dysbiosis, or an imbalance in the body’s microbial community, can significantly impact fertility. In the genital tract, dysbiosis can lead to inflammation that disrupts implantation or sperm survival. Conditions like asymptomatic bacterial vaginosis can create an inhospitable environment for conception, even without noticeable symptoms.

Treatment for Dysbiosis

Restoring a healthy microbiome often involves probiotics and prebiotics, which support the growth of beneficial bacteria. A balanced microbiome benefits not only fertility but overall health, reducing the risk of complications during pregnancy.

Nutrition & Lifestyle for Microbiome Health

Maintaining an active lifestyle is essential for women who are pregnant or planning to conceive. Regular exercise and a balanced diet play a major role in boosting overall health and fertility. Studies have shown that women with active lifestyles have higher levels of beneficial gut bacteria, such as Akkermansia, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Roseburia hominis, and Lachnospiraceae. These bacteria produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which help lower inflammation and provide energy for the body — both of which are important for staying healthy during pregnancy.

Conversely, an unhealthy balance of gut bacteria, known as dysbiosis, can lead to inflammation, increasing the risk of complications such as foetal rejection early in pregnancy. A high-fibre diet, rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, nourishes the beneficial bacteria in your gut, promoting SCFA production and supporting overall health and fertility.

Maintaining a diet rich in fibre and probiotics is crucial for a healthy microbiome. Foods such as fruits, vegetables, and whole grains promote microbial diversity, which supports hormonal balance and fertility. We need 30-40g of fibre daily. Get our Fibre Guide.

Regular physical activity, quality sleep, and stress management are also essential for promoting microbiome health and improving fertility outcomes. Practices such as mindfulness, stress management, and low-tox life (using natural cleaning products and beauty products) can further support a balanced microbial environment.

Integrating Microbiome Health into Fertility Treatments

As research continues to reveal the importance of microbiomes in fertility, personalised treatment plans based on microbiome assessments are becoming more common.

Testing Options

Option 1: Vaginal microbiome test (under $150). Can be done at home and arranged by your practitioner.

Option 2: Menstrual Blood Microbiome Test (available in Europe, over $1000). Learn more.

Option 3: EMMA (Endometrial Microbiome Metagenomic Analysis), approx. $3000. Learn more.

As Naturopaths, we specialise in microbiome management, incorporating probiotics and other interventions to correct imbalances and improve conception chances. The link between microbiomes and fertility is crucial for reproductive health. Addressing microbiome imbalances through diet, lifestyle changes, and targeted treatments can greatly enhance fertility potential. Consulting with a healthcare provider to create a personalised plan is key to supporting your unique microbiome and fertility journey.

FAQs

What is the microbiome? The microbiome is a collection of microorganisms that live in the body, playing a vital role in digestion, immunity, and overall health.

How does the microbiome affect fertility? A balanced microbiome helps regulate hormones, supports immune function, and maintains a healthy environment for conception.

Can gut health impact reproductive hormones? Yes, a healthy gut microbiome can regulate oestrogen and progesterone, crucial for fertility.

What are microbiome disorders? Microbiome disorders, like dysbiosis and BV, occur when there’s an imbalance of microorganisms, leading to health issues, including infertility, miscarriage, and pregnancy complications.

How can I improve my microbiome for better fertility? Eating a fibre-rich diet with probiotics, along with regular exercise and stress management, can support a healthy microbiome and enhance fertility. Working with your naturopath can also create a robust, fertile microbiome.

To start exploring naturopathic support for fertility book a consult with Angela here.

Naturopath and Founder of Floralia Wellness & Apothecary, Angela Hywood, has been specialising in women’s health, hormones and fertility for over 25 years.